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AFD and Urban Mobility
The development of sustainable and inclusive urban mobility systems is one of the requirements for cities to remain “livable”: everyone must be able to get around their cities easily and safely, have...
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Public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis
This paper examines public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis. To do so, we exploit an original data set covering all banks operating in eight West African countries. The final sample considers...
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How does fertility affect female employment? Evidence from Albania
This article inspects the relationship between fertility and employment, providing an explanatory mixed-methods analysis to gauge their nexus for rural and urban Albania over the 2000s. Instrumenting...
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Peru
Peru has one of the best performing economies in South America. However, the country faces record urban growth and high vulnerability to climate change. Since 2014, AFD has been assisting it in achiev...
Regions and countries

Development finance fragmentation and diversification: the case of China, India and Türkiye
From 2010 to 2019, the international community committed USD 1,700 billion in loans for developing countries. While multila-teral development banks continued to provide the bulk of financings (60% of...
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Replay: MacroDev Online Webinar on the Commodity Prices Boom
Along this webinar at the occasion of the release of the MacroDev-Semestrial Panorama 2022 #2, AFD economists provided analysis in a thematic note devoted to commodities. Several country cases illustr...
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2022 Activity and Corporate Social Responsibility Report
AFD Group releases its Activity and Social Responsibility Report (RARES), which reports on its contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 2022 edition of the Activ...
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Greening China’s investments in Africa: issues and challenges
The 8th Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), which was held in Dakar in November 2021, strengthened the pillars of a “new era” of China-Africa cooperation in various fields, including energy, wh...
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2021 Sustainable Development Goals Bond Reporting
In 2020, in order to ensure the consistency of AFD Group's 100% Paris Agreement commitments and 100% Social Link commitments with its presence on the markets, AFD created a bond framework aligned with...
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Designing the Collective Intelligence Commons
The digital commons – including thousands of standards and tools for open hardware, data, software and content – play a vital role in the development of many of the world’s most impactful collective i...
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Official Development Assistance at the Age of Consequences
Official Development Assistance (ODA) was introduced in the 1960s as a temporary instrument to respond to a phase in world history involving decolonization, the Cold War, industrialization and flagran...
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Effect of typhoons on economic activities in Vietnam: Evidence using satellite imagery
This paper investigates the effect of typhoons on economic activities in Vietnam. During the period covered by our analysis, 1992-2013, we observed 63 typhoons affecting different locations of the cou...
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Employment in a zero net emissions future in Costa Rica: Renewable energy to enable widespread benefits for th...
In pursuit of a "3D" economy (decentralized, digitized and decarbonized), Costa Rica is encouraging transformations to work towards the year 2050 through its National Decarbonization Plan (NDP) and th...
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AFD's Financing for Civil Society Organizations
Is your Civil Society Organization (CSO) seeking financing for an international solidarity project or does it want to implement an AFD project? AFD, the French Facility for Global Environment (FFEM) a...
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The PRIQH: a Tunisian response to the challenges of rapid urbanization
Tunisia is undergoing rapid urbanization, which is creating challenges for its population. The growth of informal settlements raises the issue of access to basic services and amenities. In order to ad...
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Historic degraded centers: the Tunisian strategy for urban regeneration
The Historic Center Regeneration Programme (PRCA) is part of the Tunisian national policy for urban regeneration. It aims to upgrade the historical and traditional districts, which tend to deteriorate...
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UPFI: a successful partnership to support territorial development
Placed under the aegis of the Union for the Mediterranean in 2011,the Urban Projects Finance Initiative (UPFI) is the result of a partnership between the European Union, the French Development Agency...
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Pakistan
Pakistan is experiencing strong population growth, currently the fifth most populous country in the world. The country must be able to meet the basic needs of its population, whilst all the while faci...
Regions and countries

AFD and Gender Equality in Eurasia
Financing initiatives that promote gender equality, women's rights and their empowerment is at the very core of AFD commitments, in line with France's International Strategy for Gender Equality. AFD i...
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A public policy loan to support the Philippines in the implementation of its climate policies
The Philippines is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. In addition to their direct impacts on people, it could cost the country more than $3.5 billion a year by 2040. The Philippin...
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