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Gender equality - Activity Report 2023
Since 2020, AFD has asserted its position as a committed actor in the international ecosystem on gender. Having forged strategic partnerships with the United Nations and multilateral and bilateral ban...
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Energy transition minerals and the SDGs. A systematic review
In order to meet the climate objectives set by the Paris Agreement, all countries will have to operate a dramatic structural change by replacing most fossil energy sources with renewable ones that are...
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The approach based on human rights and the reduction of multidimensional inequalities. A combination inextrica...
This study examines how human rights can guide a form of development that gives priority to improving the well-being of populations, while contributing to the ecological transformation - a form of dev...
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Looking back at 15 years of AFD support for geographical indications: what contribution to sustainable develop...
There is a long history behind the use of origin marking. Producers and consumers are familiar with products such as Parma ham, Darjeeling tea, Colombian coffee or Champagne. These are just some examp...
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African Economies in 2023
This fourth edition of “African Economies,” has been produced by AFD in an age of consequences, an age experiencing a combination of protracted crises whose effects are immediate, an age with both cli...
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AFD and Agriculture in Angola
Angola’s agricultural potential is considered to be the greatest in Southern Africa, thanks to considerable water resources, a favorable climate and a large amount of available arable land. Neverthele...
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Unbundling Eskom: How would a new distribution system impact on energy poverty
South Africa’s electricity generation and transmission are currently dominated by the country’s vertical monopoly power utility, Eskom. Distribution is shared between 165 licenced municipalities and E...
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AFD Group and Angola
In Angola, AFD Group supports the sustainable development priorities of its local partners, by financing improved access to water and electricity for all. AFD also supports economic and financial tran...
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AFD Group and the Gambia
The Republic of the Gambia is the smallest country of continental Africa and one of the priority countries for French development assistance. The country carries a heavy public debt as well as many ch...
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MacroDev - Semestrial Panorama 2023 #1
The dual shock of the health crisis and the war in Ukraine has pushed up inflation to an extent not seen in developed countries since the 1979 oil shock and the Iran-Iraq war. This shock has put an en...
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AFD and Costa Rica
A country with great ecological wealth, Costa Rica stands out for its continuous commitment to the conservation of the environment and biodiversity since the 1980s. AFD has been assisting the count...
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AFD, the Choice of Feminist Development
Women are discriminated against in all areas: employment, education, health and governance. Gender inequality causes both injustice and poverty, and hinders both economic and social development. The...
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Developing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Finance Strategies: Guide
The guide, titled, “Developing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Finance Strategies,” was produced by UNICEF and co-published by SWA, Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and the IRC Water and S...
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Defining standards of good ecological condition for computing the ESGAP in developing countries
This report seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of an "all-country" ESGAP (Environmental Sustainability Gap), the implementation of the framework and the calculation of ESGAP parameters for as many c...
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Strong sustainability and property rights
The core principle of strong sustainability is non-substitutability. Many economic resources rely on ecosystem function, which is at best partially substitutable; ecosystem function can be maintained...
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How to improve food security?
According to the World Food Programme, the number of people facing acute food insecurity has more than doubled since 2019, from 135 million to 345 million around the world. The food crisis has multipl...
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Gabon: Using forests without destroying them
Committed to the forests of Gabon since 2015, AFD Group supports forest operators and the country's administration in the transformation of the forest-wood sector. An unavoidable change in a country w...
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The Green Transition Dilemma: the Impossible (?) Quest for Prosperity of South American Economies
This paper explores the tensions that the transition toward a zero-carbon economy entails for countries relying on natural resources exploitation as the main drivers of (net) exports, as is the case o...
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Marthe Mapangou: "Combining forestry and sustainable development is possible"
In Gabon, any action aimed at developing the country's economy and infrastructure inevitably comes up against the sensitive issue of the preservation of forests, which cover more than 80% of the terri...
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How can accounting reformulate the debate on natural capital and help implement its ecological approach?
This paper shows that the mainstream usage of ‘natural capital’ (NC) is incompatible with an ecological approach. It argues that accounting is relevant for (re)structuring the debate around NC and imp...
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