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Data Analytics for a Just Transition. Distributional Impacts of Environmental Policies (Indonesia)
Indonesia’s commitment to the Paris Agreement has placed carbon pricing through taxes and emissions trading at the center of its climate policy. These instruments are designed to reduce greenhouse gas...
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Infographic - Our Education, Training, Employment Commitments in 2024
AFD Group is committed to making lifelong learning possible and to promoting access to education and decent work. To this end, we finance the implementation of policies and programs to develop infrast...
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Rethinking agricultural and rural training systemically with a range of actors at territorial level. How can a...
In sub-Saharan Africa, demographic projections indicate that the rural population is expected to continue growing, reaching 980 million people by 2050. Young people under the age of twenty-five living...
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Promoting a More Progressive Approach - Evaluating the Impact of Social and Fiscal Policies in Mexico and Colo...
This research paper analyzes the redistributive impact of some fiscal policies and social programmes (direct taxes and transfers) before and after the pandemic Crisis in Mexico and Colombia, following...
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Spatial Inequality, Sub-regional governance and Subjective Well-being - The case of South Africa
This paper examines how spatial variation in inequality and quality of institutions interact to explain variation in subjective wellbeing. Literature suggests that better institutions and lower level...
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Reducing Inequalities Despite Climate change? Rethinking Progress Towards Reducing Income Inequalities and the...
This multicountry study incorporate the economic resources of countries and measure how countries are combining their resources to reduce income inequality. It also examine the effects of climate — te...
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Gender Equality – 2024 Activity Report
Since 2020, AFD has asserted its position as a committed actor in the international ecosystem on gender. In 2024, 61% of AFD’s financial commitments, in foreign countries, had a primary or signific...
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Infographic - Our commitments to gender equality in 2024
Since 2020, AFD has asserted its position as a committed actor in the international ecosystem on gender. In 2024, 61% of AFD’s financial commitments, in foreign countries, had a primary or signific...
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Environmental policies for supporting sustainable energy transition in Vietnam: Evaluation and policy recommen...
Vietnam has long been an active member of international efforts to address environmental challenges. In the pursuit of the goals of environmental protection, greenhouse gas emission reduction and clim...
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Greening Colombia’s Energy: The Future of Jobs and Pensions
This paper evaluates the effects of Colombia's transition to a low-carbon economy on employment and pensions. Utilizing a three-stage analysis integrating national energy scenarios, an input-output mo...
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Migration during Economic Crisis: The Case of Egypt
Egypt has experienced a major economic crisis since March 2022, which has had substantial impacts on food inflation and standards of living. This crisis was compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, its gl...
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Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023
Female labor force participation in Egypt remains low, and wages consistently under-reward women compared to men. This disparity is partly driven by the systematic channeling of women into lower-payin...
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The Use of Information and Communication Technology in the Workplace in Egypt
The dynamic intersection between technology and labor constitutes the focal point of labor market policies designed to align with technological transitions. Studying the characteristics of digitized w...
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The Evolution of Social Protection in Egypt, 2006-2023
This paper examines the trends in social protection coverage in Egypt over the 2006-2023 period. The different forms of protection that we analyze include contributory social insurance schemes, employ...
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What are "nature-based solutions"?
From food and health to climate action, nature offers effective, low-cost, and sustainable solutions to many of today’s societal challenges. Agence Française de Développement (AFD) is particularly att...
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Evaluation of a series of policy-based loans to support the energy sector reform in Albania (CAL1004 ; CAL1019...
The high-level objectives of the PBL were to enable the GoA, through targeted support, to fulfill its international commitments related to energy sector reform, and to assist the GoA in establishing a...
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Evaluation of Ghana Urban Management Pilot Programme (GUMPP) 2012-2021 (CGH1089)
The general purpose of the project is to improve living conditions in secondary cities through a policy of developing urban infrastructure in municipalities committed to improving their management....
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5 years on: new Kiwa Initiative projects
To mark its fifth anniversary, in August 2025, the Kiwa Initiative launched fifteen new local projects, whose objectives include restoring forests with native species, protecting coral reefs, developi...
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The AFD Group offer for the social protection sector
Nearly half of the world’s population lacks any social protection. Greater investment is needed in low- and middle-income countries to address poverty, inequalities, and crises. That’s why AFD Group i...
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“Strengthening Feminist Movements for Reproductive Autonomy” launches at Latin American Feminist Conference
We are pleased to announce the launch of a bold new initiative—Movements for Reproductive Autonomy, Equality and Solidarity (MAREAS). A multi-country initiative across Africa and Latin America to ampl...
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